There are three main glass art techniques: hot, warm, and cold.
Hot Glass Technique
This technique includes heating resin at 2000 degrees or higher and melting it to shape. The molten glass creates sculptures through glass blowing and casting. The glass-blowing process means collecting molten glass from a furnace to the end of a blowpipe to create glass bubbles. Casting means placing molten glass into a mould to solidify it.
Warm Glass Technique
The warm glass technique means heating the glass in an oven to 1200-1600 degrees. This technique is called kiln-formed glass; artists can use a kiln instead of a furnace. The methods are slumping and fusing. Slumping uses heating glass to give it the shape of the surface. Fusing includes heating two or more glass pieces and sticking them.
Cold Glass Technique
Cold glass technique entails glass art techniques that don’t require heating. Cold glass methods are polishing, etching, cutting, engraving, grinding, and sandblasting.
The etching method means applying acid on the glass surface to change its appearance and texture. Sandblasting means pouring sand over the glass surface at high speed to mask the transparency and cover visibility through the glass without blocking light transmission.
Glass Blowing Technique
In the glass-blowing technique, the artist blows through a metal blowpipe and creates a bubble to shape it into stylish designs.
Flame-worked Glass Technique
Flameworking, also called lampworking, involves using a torch or lamp to melt and shape the glass.
Cast Glass Technique
Cast glass or glass casting technique creates decoration objects by piping molten glass into a mould and letting it solidify to reach the desired design.
Stained Glass Art Technique
This technique was mainly used to make use of the stunning effect of light in the church. Nowadays it is a popular feature for any window exterior. Stained glass art rose to popularity in the Gothic era.
Broken Glass Art Technique
Broken glass art technique includes using broken glass pieces to create an artistic effect. Mosaics are done with this technique.